Bird flu

The epidemiological situation in the world and in the country for the flu bird

For the first time, the virus of bird flu was discovered in Italy at the beginning of the twentieth century, and for a long time was considered harmless to a person. The first certificate of human infection by the bird flu virus was received from Hong Kong in 1997, when it caused a disease of 18 people, and 6 of which died. In 2005, outbreaks of bird flu were recorded among birds and people in Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, as well as (only among birds) in Japan, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russia (Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kurgan Regions, Altai Territory and the Republic of Kalmykia).

The outbreak of bird influenza occurred in more than 20 US states, the data published on Monday by the Ministry of Agriculture of the country.

In accordance with the information published by the agency, the high -toe -path -ogened bird flu (HPAI) was detected in 46 private poultry and 72 commercial farms in 24 states. In total, more than 22.8 million birds suffered from him.

The first case of human infection with bird flu is recorded in the UK. A person became infected as a result of a very close, regular contact with a large number of infected birds, which he kept in his house and around for a long period of time.

The Aomori Prefecture Administration in the northeast of Japan ordered to destroy about 110 thousand chickens at a local poultry farm as part of the fight against bird flu.

The focus of high-toe poultry flu was registered in the village of Alexander Nevsky in the Ryazan region. Quarantine measures will operate within 21 days after the slaughter of the last bird. During quarantine on the territory, treatment of sick birds is prohibited. Also, unauthorized persons cannot visit the focus, the import and export of birds, as well as eggs, is prohibited. Also, the outbreak of bird flu was registered in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Khabarovsk Territory).

In November 2021, a comprehensive plan for the prevention of bird flu was approved in Belarus. In fact, it gives a clear scheme for the actions of the republican and local government bodies, which is aimed at preventing the penetration and spread of bird flu in Belarus.

The document focuses on the prevention of a dangerous virus. In the case of a bird flu for each unit and the department, clear instructions were developed for what to do. The issues of living birds and the sale of poultry products to the population are also addressed.

Belarus limits the import of birds from the Nizhnylez Voivodeship of Poland from behind bird flu. According to the World Organization Organization of Animals, there are cases of poultry diseases with high -pathogenic flu. In this regard, from January 12, temporary restrictions on the import of living poultry, incubation and food eggs, poultry meat, egg powder, melange, albumin and other food products of the processing of chicken eggs, fluff and pen, which were not disinfected by hunting trophies (feathered game), and other products are introduced.

Poultry flu is a contagious disease characterized by oppression, edema, damage to the respiratory system, digestion. The economic damage from it is great in connection with the mass death of sick birds, the need for hard quarantine and veterinary and sanitary measures, including the destruction of a sick bird.

About epidemiological systems on bird flu

Poultry flu is an infectious disease that most often infects birds, however, it can affect other animals (pigs, horses can hurt, cases of virus isolated in tiger, in marine mammals - cats, whales, mink). In some cases, the virus overcomes the interspecific barrier and infects people.

Cases of infection of people of bird flu viruses were recorded. Infection of people occurs mainly as a result of direct contact with infected birds or a contaminated environment, but does not lead to the effective transfer of these viruses from humans to humans.

In 1997, information was received about infection of people by the VPPG A (H5N1) virus during a flu flash among poultry in Hong Kong, a special administrative area of ​​China. Since 2003, this bird virus has spread from Asia to Europe and Africa and entrenched in poultry populations in some countries. Flies led to infection of millions of poultry, hundreds of cases of disease and many cases of death in people. Flies of influenza among poultry caused serious damage to the sources of means of existence, economics and international trade in affected countries. Other bird flu viruses of subtype A (H5) also led to flashes among poultry and infection of people.

In 2013, reports on infection of people by the VPPG A (H7N9) virus in China. Since then, the virus has spread among the poultry population throughout the country and led to several hundred cases of disease in people and many cases of death in people.

Other bird flu viruses led to the sporadic infection of people, including viruses A (H7N7) and A (H9N2). Some countries also received information about the sporadic infection of people with pork flu viruses, in particular subtypes A (H1) and A (H3).

In the Chinese People’s Republic, the first case of human infection by the H3N8 virus was revealed more known as “bird flu”. Bird flu was confirmed by a baby four years living in Henan province. According to Chinese doctors, the infection most likely occurred on April 5 as a result of the contact of a boy with a poultry. The child was hospitalized in a medical institution on April 10 after his condition worsened sharply. It is reported that all people who are contacting the boy are absolutely healthy at the moment. According to preliminary estimates of the Chinese Health Commission, the identified strain of H3N8 "does not have the ability to infect people." The risk of a large -scale epidemic is low.

What is the danger of bird flu?

• All flu viruseshave the ability to mutate or change.
• There is a possibilityThat in the future the virus of bird flu can change in such a way that it can infect people and easily spreads from person to person.
• Since this virusPreviously, a person has not become infected, then among people there is a very low immune defense against him.
• SpreadingThis new virus can lead to severe diseases of the flu in people on the whole planet.

Sources of infection

• Counts,that the primary source of infection is various migratory birds (wild ducks and geese, herons, rust and tones).
• WaterfowlThe virus is transferred in the intestines and released into the environment with saliva, respiratory and fecal material.
• Done of migratory waterfowlIt may contain a large number of influenza viruses (1 gram of bird droppings is enough for the death of 1 million birds on the poultry farm) that can spread the disease to large geographical territories.
• So far, a person is the final link in the transmission of the bird flu virus.Until now, cases of a reliable transfer of this virus from a person have not been recorded. He can get sick only with close contact with a sick bird, when cutting or after eating raw or poor fried poultry meat.

Symptoms of the manifestation of the disease

• In humansSymptoms of bird flu vary from typical flu -like symptoms - very high body temperature, difficulty breathing, coughing, sore throat and muscle pain, and conjunctivitis - conjunctivitis.
• The main danger,However, the absence of an immune barrier in a person against the virus represents.
• That's whyIt can cause pneumonia very quickly and give severe complications on the heart and kidneys.
• In poultryThe severity of the manifestation of the disease is different. In some, the infection can occur asymptomatic, cause a decrease in egg production or mild diseases of the respiratory system. In others, manifest in the form of a lightning -fast shape. Causing the rapid death of a bird without any preliminary symptoms.

The case of an infection of a person’s infection with a strain flu H3N8, which was detected in the PRC, is still a single one. However, a certain alertness is caused by the fact that, perhaps, it was this pathogen-H3N8-caused a pandemic in 1889-1890. “It is difficult to prove this, but there is an assumption. Therefore, we must follow, you need to know and understand,” said the leading researcher at the RSPC of epidemiology and microbiology.

He emphasized that in Belarus they are able to recognize this virus if it appears. “Any unknown or well -known particularly dangerous infection is being studied primarily in these laboratories (high degree of protection biological security.) That are equipped and ready for such work around the clock,” added Alexander Petkevich.

Prevention and protection measures

• The virus is stable in the external environment -Even in the carcasses of dead birds, he can live up to one year.
• Tolerates deep freezing well,And at temperatures below 70C, it can be preserved for several years.
• High temperatureIt is destructive for the virus - when boiling, it dies instantly. Therefore, if you suspected that the purchased bird is infected, then it should be carried out, and it becomes absolutely safe and edible.
• To dateThere is no vaccine against bird flu in people, but preparations are carried out for its production within the framework of the Network of the World Health Organization.
• The only reliable protectionFrom this disease, it is a restriction of close contact with home and wild birds or their droppings, especially in those regions where flashes of bird flu are recorded.
• Residents of the private sectorIt is recommended to maintain a poultry only on a personal courtyard, thereby excluding the possibility of its contact with wild and migratory birds.
• After bird care measuresIt is necessary to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene and regularly wash your hands.
• When cooking poultry meat dishesStrictly observe technological regulations, i.e. The temperature and time of cooking, and after contact with raw meat and poultry farming, wash your hands thoroughly with soap.

Performing the listed recommendations and tips, you will protect yourself from poultry infection.