Cardiovascular diseases are considered the main diseases of the XX and the onset of the 21st century, taking away the largest number of human lives.About half of the population of developed countries dies from cardiovascular diseases. Amongthem Myocardial stroke and infarction are the most formidable and life -threatening.But these diseases are usually preceded by such a disease asCorny and heart disease (coronary heart).
What is coronary heart disease?
IBS is a pathology of the heart,due to the acute or chronic recurrent myocardial ischemia due to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries of the heart atherosclerotic plaques, or as a result of those accompanying atherosclerosis or spasm of these arteries.Simply speaking-This is a disease associated with insufficient blood flow to the heart in narrowed and changed arteries.
The main forms of coronary heart disease include:
- Angina pectoris -bouts of pain, compression, discomfort behind the sternum or in the heart duration from a few seconds to 10-20 minutes, often associated with physical activity.
- Myocardial infarction - damage (necrosis) of the heart muscle due to blockage of the artery with a thrombus. The probability of its development increases with the duration of continuous pain in the chest for more than 20-30 minutes.
- Cardiosclerosis-can develop due to coronary heart disease-Partial replacement of myocardial tissue with connective tissue.
Factors contributing to the development of coronary heart disease
- Arterial hypertension-She is called a "silent killer", because. For many years, the disease proceeds hidden, affecting vital organs: heart, brain, kidneys, blood vessels. Regardless of the age of a person, blood pressure should be lower than 140/90 mm Hg
- High cholesterol-Cholesterol is always present in human blood. But when the level of cholesterol in the blood is high, it is deposited in the walls of blood vessels in the form of atherosclerotic plaques. In an adult healthy person, the level of cholesterol in the blood of no more than 5 mmol/l. In a person suffering from coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, the level of total cholesterol should be no more than 4.5 mmol/l.
- Psycho -emotional contributions-An impressive person who takes everything to heart, whose work or family life is associated with constant stress, has an increased risk of coronary heart disease.
- Hereditary factors-The predisposition to many diseases, including coronary heart disease, is inherited. If in the family there are relatives suffering from angina pectoris, arterial hypertension who have suffered myocardial infarction, a stroke, then such a person has more chances to get cardi-vascular diseases.
- Bad habits-Smoking, alcohol abuse, overeating provoke the development of coronary heart disease.
- Low physical activity, hypodynamia-Negatively affect not only muscles, but also on other organs, which leads to the detrusion of the cardiovascular system; increasing heart rate at rest and even with small short -term physical exertion; to a sharp rapid pulse and heartbeat.
Treatment of coronary heart disease
With coronary heart disease, they useComplex individual treatment, which is determined by the form of the disease, the phase of its course, the features of clinical manifestations. The following methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease are distinguished:non -drug, drug and surgical.
The non -drug method includes:
- diet;
- physiotherapy physical education (exercise therapy);
- selected mode of physical training;
- psychotherapy, sometimes physiotherapy;
- Sanatorium treatment.
Medication method:
- Of the drugs They use drugs that reduce myocardial need for oxygen and heart load that reduce blood pressure to the optimal level that prevents arrhythmias and heart failure.
Surgical treatment:
- Gets more and more widespread.
- The most effective there are operations that restore normal blood flow in a stenous or clogged coronary artery (stenting of the coronary artery), or aorticroner Shunting.
Prevention and recommendations to patients with coronary heart disease
- Prevention of coronary heart disease should be aimed, first of all, at the elimination of risk factors for this disease. She includes:
- Attentive attitude to your health -If pain or discomfort appears in the chest area-be sure to consult a therapist and preferably with a cardiologist.
- Timely treatment - In the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes.
- Control of blood pressure - (if necessary, taking antihypertensive drugs, i.e., drugs that lower blood pressure). If blood pressure does not increase, it is enough to measure it once a year. With an increase - to measure as often as the doctor will indicate.
- Cholesterol level control-adhere to a diet, minimize animal fats (butter, pork, sausage, caviar, sausages, liver, etc.), table salt and sugar; Increase the use of plant foods, fish. If after 1-2 months of the diet they do not lead to a decrease in cholesterol, then, as prescribed by the doctor, resort to intake of cholesteroling drugs.
- Learn to manage emotions, cope with stress-Do not react painfully to the little things, do not worry about trifles, and even more so because of circumstances that are impossible to change at the moment. More often arrange for yourself, emotional unloading, daily walk in the fresh air.
- Abandon bad habits-First of all, from smoking and alcohol abuse. Studies have shown that the risk of cardiovascular diseases is reduced by half a year after refusing smoking, and after 2-3 years the risk is approximately equal to those who have never smoked.
Knowledge of the nature of the emergence of IBS, following the recommendations of specialists in the prevention of this and other diseases of the cardiovascular system, will improve your quality and increase your life.
