Brucellosis -Zonozoic (transmitted from animals to humans) an infectious disease characterized by multiple mechanisms for transmitting the pathogen, a wave-like recurrent course, a tendency to chronic, proceeding with a predominant damage to the musculoskeletal apparatus, cardiovascular and nervous systems.
The causative agent of brucellosis is a bacterium.
There are several strains of brucella bacteria. Some species are found in cows, others in dogs, pigs, sheep, goats and camels.
Brucles are able to persist in the environment for a long time.In raw milk stored in the refrigerator, the pathogen of brucellosis remains up to 10 days, in butter - for more than 4 weeks, in home cheese - 3 weeks; in a yogurt, sour cream-8-15 days, in kumys, in meat-up to 12 days; in the internal organs, bones, muscles and lymph nodes of infected carcasses - within 1 month or more; In sheep wool - from 1.5 to 4 months.
Under natural conditions, in moist and in the manure of brucella, more than 2 months can experience.
It is important to remember that in frozen infected meat and dairy products, brucella remain viable throughout the entire storage period.
Main sourcesInfections for humans are Brucellosis of sheep, goats, cattle, pigs.
Transmission factorsInfections to a person from a sick animal are raw materials of animal origin (wool, fluff, skins), meat milk products, infected objects of animal care, excrement and other objects infected with brucells.
To infect a person with brucellosis is characterized by several ways:
- alimentary (when consuming meat and dairy products obtained from animal brucellosis and have not passed sufficient heat treatment);
- contact (in contact with sick animal or raw materials and animal products);
- airborne droplets (with inhalation of dust containing fragments of wool, manure, land contaminated with brucella).
The incubation period(the period from the moment of infection to the appearance of clinical symptoms) is from 1 week to 2 months. The onset of the disease is accompanied by lifting body temperature up to 39-400C (temperature rises in the evening and night hours are characteristic).
The general symptoms of brucellosis are similar to the symptoms of influenza:
- fever (the highest numbers occur in the afternoon);
- back pain, aches in the body;
- decrease in appetite and weight loss, weakness;
- headache;
- Night sweating;
- abdominal pain;
- cough.
Complications are possible.Local purulent infection of bones and joints may develop: arthritis, bursitis, osteomyelitis. It is possible to develop endocarditis (infection of the mucous membrane of the heart or valves) as the most severe complication and the cause of death; damage to the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis); liver abscess; Inflammation of the spleen.
Brucellosis transferred during pregnancy can cause a miscarriage or malformation of the fetus.
Brucellosis prevention:
- the exclusion of purchase, sale, delivery of animals and the sale of livestock products without notifying the veterinary service;
- the exclusion of the acquisition of meat and meat products (minced meat, sausages, semi -finished products), milk and dairy products of non -Water production in spontaneous unauthorized markets;
Compliance with personal hygiene rules when caring for animals (including the use of gloves, masks).
