Home violence against a child is any action or inaction in relation to the child, as a result of which his health and social well -being are violated, conditions are created that prevented optimal physical or mental development, infringe on the rights and freedoms of the child.
The following forms of violence in relation to children are distinguished:
Forms of psychological violence:
• rejection (actions demonstrating the rejection of the child, belittling his dignity);
• terrorization (the threat to cause physical harm to the child, setting over superlyxy tasks with the threat of punishment for their non -compliance);
• isolation (unreasonable restriction or prohibition of social contacts of the child with peers);
• Operation/corruption (incentive to antisocial behavior: criminal activity, prostitution, pornography, drug use);
• ignoring (lack of emotional response to the needs of the child, formal interaction with the child).
Forms of physical violence:
They include actions such as beating, kicks, bites, burns, sharp shocks, or the child inflicted physical damage to the child in other ways.
Forms of sexual violence:
Sexual sentences, sexual caresses, demonstration of genitals, adult masturbation in the presence of a child, oral sex, vaginal or anal penetration with any object or object, including fingers or penis, demonstration of pornography and the use of a child for pornographic purposes, coercion of a child to sexual behavior with animals, vujierism, sexual operation benefits in monetary or other form.
Neglect of the needs of the child means the inability of parents to respond to the needs of the child and includes the lack of concern for his physical condition, the receipt of education and emotional indifference.
• Lack of concern for the physical condition of the child:
lack of control over it; Parents do not care about his health, leave him, drive him out of the house or refuse to take home a child who escaped and returned.
• neglect of the education of the child:
The child often late to school and often misses classes; Parents in the morning do not wake the child at the right time, so that he manages to the beginning of classes; Parents are not interested in school problems and performance of the child, etc.
• abandonment of the health of the child:
there is no systematic medical examination of the child, necessary at his age; Parents refuse the medical procedures necessary for the child or avoid them; The child is not bought by the necessary medicines; They do not pay attention to somatic complaints and do not go to the doctor in time.
• Emotional indifference to parents:
Unwillingness or inability to establish a strong affection with the child and provide him with psychological support; marital violence in the presence of a child; to allow the child to take alcohol or drugs; indifferent attitude, ignoring, lack of approval, unwillingness of emotional closeness with the child; Verbal threats, insults, humiliation, calling him with such words as “moron”, “dumbass”, frequent expressions of doubts about intellectual capabilities, including public, reducing the child’s self -esteem, extreme and atypical forms of punishment - locking it in a dark toilet, passive deprivation of love, etc.
Cruel treatment with children and its consequences:
Sexual violence committed in relation to the child, in its consequences, refers to the most severe psychological injuries.
On a practitioner, it can be difficult to distinguish between harbingers of sexual violence from positive bodily contact, which is absolutely necessary when communicating with young children. The differences between these two situations are determined by the intentions of an adult (the situation could be normal if the parent did not have a “back” thought that the child usually feels), and also whether the child has the opportunity to freely say “no”.
Typically, victims of a sexual vicious attitude are children under the age of 12, but most often-at the age of 3-7 years. A small child does not yet understand what is happening, it is easier to intimidate him, to persuade him to say that he does not tell anyone about what happened (i.e. to conclude an agreement with him "silence"). The adult also hopes that the child will not be able to describe everything that happened in this age. Since the fantasies of a small child are often mixed with reality, he will probably not believe his story, even if he reports something about it.
In addition to physical symptoms, signs of sexual violence are also different changes in the behavior of the child.
Changes in the manifestations of sexuality:
• extreme interest in sexual content games;
• amazing knowledge about sexual life for this age;
• seductive behavior towards other children, as well as adults of the opposite sex;
• sexual actions with other children (starting with younger shell age);
• unusual sexual activity;
Sexual use of younger children, friction to the genitals about the body of an adult.
Changes in the self -consciousness of the child:
• decrease in self -esteem;
• Thoughts about suicide and his attempts.
The appearance of neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms:
• fear of being in the room alone with a certain person;
• fear of undressing (for example, a child can categorically refuse to participate in physical education or swimming or remove underwear during a medical osmator);
• headache, pain in the area of the stomach and heart.
The most severe form of sexual violence is incest in its consequences, or incest, when sexual violence against the child is committed by his close relative. Such sexual abuses are a sign of impaired family functioning.
It should be noted that children who have witnessed violence in the family experience the same feelings, emotions and consequences as the injured from violence.
In such children there are violations of physical and mental development, which are manifested as follows.
They:
• lag behind in growth, mass, or in both of their peers;
• Later they begin to walk, speak, laugh less often;
• They manage to be much worse at school than their same age;
• Often there are "bad habits": fingers sucking, biting nails, swinging, engaging in masturbation;
• They have swollen, “sleepy” eyes, pale face, disheveled hair, untidiness in clothes, other signs of hygienic neglect - pediculosis, rash, poor smell from clothes and body.
Psychological features:
• Often they experience anger, which is most often poured out at the weaker: younger children, on animals. Often their aggressiveness is manifested in the game, sometimes outbreaks of their anger do not have a visible reason. Or excessively passive, cannot protect themselves. And in that and in another case, contact, communication with peers is violated;
• in any way attract attention to themselves, which sometimes manifests itself in the form of defiant, eccentric behavior;
• unusual age of knowledge of sexual relationships, which manifests itself in their behavior, in games with other children or with toys (with sexual violence);
• low self -esteem, which helps to preserve and consolidate feelings of guilt, shame, inferiority;
• High frequency of depression. This is manifested in attacks of anxiety, unaccountable longing, a sense of loneliness, in sleep disturbances. At an older age, adolescents may have attempts to commit suicide or completed suicides.
Social consequences:
• difficulties of socialization: they have violated relations with adults, there are no appropriate communication skills with peers, they do not have a sufficient level of knowledge and erudition to gain authority at school, etc.;
• addiction to alcohol, drugs; They begin to steal and perform other criminally punished actions;
• prostitution, violation of sexual orientation, difficulties in creating your own family; They cannot give their children enough warmth, since their own emotional problems have not been resolved.
