It is extremely difficult to conduct effective rehabilitation at home.
The Republican Hospital of Medical Rehabilitation uses the latest rehabilitation technologies, is equipped with the most modern equipment: apparatuses of kinesotherapy, ergotherapy to restore lost limb and fine motor skills, robotics complexes for the development of walking skills, and early verticalization. Use this opportunity.
Competent care of a patient with a stroke is what you can do to alleviate the course of the disease and help restore functions lost after a stroke.
How to wash the patient, how to translate the bed and other aspects of care
If the patient cannot move in bed himself, it is necessary:
- Wash it regularly 2-3 times a day, wipe the oral cavity in the morning and after each feeding, wipe the body with a damp cloth, a towel, then get wet dry (avoid rubbing the skin!).
- Use controversial mattresses, rubber circles. The sacrum, heels, areas of the hip joints are the most frequent places for the formation of skin macerations (examine these places daily) and when redness appears (the first sign of the walk), do not lay it to the affected area.
- Turns in bed every 2-3 hours. When improving the condition - encourage independent turns (support on a healthy hand).
- Use adult diapers, special care is the perineum. Useful air baths with an open diaper for drying the skin.
Feeding
With extensive strokes, the patient’s swallowing may be disturbed. Decide whether the patient can swallow himself. Look: whether he holds his head, can he swallow saliva, try to give a spoon of water. If the patient swallows himself, feed 4-5 times a day warm (not hot! Food) in small portions in a half-sitting position, after eating, do not immediately lay for another 20 minutes.
Cut the food into small pieces so that it is easier to take and bring it to the mouth. Let's drink water through a straw or spoon, turning your head to the side and slightly down (not to throw back).
You can’t flour, sugar, salted, fried, spicy, fatty foods. More vegetables (beets, carrots), since intestinal atony develops. The largest number of calories in the first half of the day. With minor swallowing disorders, a wiped food crushed by a mixer, with a fever, a thick liquid is best swallowed, mashed, sometimes it makes sense to use thickens. With pronounced swallowing disorders - probe power (feeding is also half -sitting).
Follow urination, with urine delay - urgent treatment for medical help.
Follow the chair, it should be daily. Use beets, prunes, kefir, a spoonful of vegetable oil, laxatives in agreement with the doctor.
Measurement of blood pressure and pulse
To restore the functioning of brain cells, both highly increased and reduced pressure are harmful, therefore, regular (several times a day) measurement of blood pressure is necessary. Support the level that is recommended to you by your doctor.
Physical activity
Gradually, in paralyzed limbs, an increase in muscle tone will develop. To prevent the formation in the subsequent contractures, it is necessary to give paralyzed limbs a certain position for 1-2 hours: the hand is set aside at an angle of 90 °, straightened at the elbow, under the arm of the roller, the brush is open, the fingers are divorced. The leg is slightly bent at an angle of 10 ° in the knee joint, lay the roller under the knee, rest in the back of the bed at an angle of 80 °.
Regular breathing exercises are prevention of pneumonia, because due to hypokinesia and general metabolic disorders, stagnant changes in the lungs are easily developed. You can use the swelling of the rubber cylinder (ball), blowing air through water.
Passive movements in the joints of the paralyzed limb-grab the paralyzed limb with one hand above the joint being developed, the other below, perform the movements smoothly, rhythmically, at a slow pace, without causing pain, 2-4 movements for each joint every hour.
Remember: inaction weakens the patient, early activation - this is the path to speedy restoration.
Early attachment, verticalization (transfer of the patient to a vertical position). When you can begin to sit the patient after a stroke, it is necessary to clarify the doctor, it depends on many patients of the patient’s condition, but on average small sizes with a stroke, situations from the 2nd day, verticalization-from 5-7 days.
Do not think that the more the patient is in the supine position after a stroke, the safer for him. This is not at all! A long position of lying leads to the formation of blood clots in the veins of the legs, pulmonary thromboembolism, stagnant pneumonia, spastic contractures, and intestinal atony.
It is better to get the patient from the bed in two stages: first help to sit on the edge of the bed (support on a healthy hand), and only then get to your feet.
As the condition improves - encourage the gradual self -service skills to be independent, explain what needs to be done.
Remember: your task is to help the patient become independent from outside help, to teach lost household skills.
When the patient begins to stand and walk, the hand must be laid in a special supporting bandage - a scarf or an orthosis, otherwise the shoulder head is unlocked down under the weight of a paretic limb, in the future this will lead to pain and incomplete restoration of the function of the arm. Shoes should also be comfortable for walking, stable (not slippers, better sneakers).
Take care of the patient’s self -esteem, remain calm, inspire confidence and hope for recovery - this is the most important thing you can do for your own person.
Work with the patient on the expansion of his motor regime!
