All over the world, including in Belarus, cardiovascular diseases are in the first place in mortality.
Every year, only in Minsk, more than three thousand people have a myocardial infarction, as well as the so -called “heart attack” in a much larger number of Minsk residents. About one third of patients are hospitalized late in connection with untimely seeking medical help, which negatively affects subsequent treatment.Later, the appeal is due:Firstly,underestimation of the severity of their condition; Secondly,ignorance of the main symptoms of the disease; Third,lack of skills in providing self-help and mutual assistance.
What is a heart attack and what are its signs
Term"heart attack"It is used outside the professional sphere of activity of a medical worker, in everyday life, as well as for learning the population.
For patients with an already diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CPS)and the usual angina pectoris in the concept of "heart attack"An unconscious and protracted attack of angina pectoris or a pain attack is invested in myocardial infarction.
For risk groups for the development of coronary heart disease and the rest of the population "heart attack"-This is often an attack of angina pectoris for the first time, as a manifestation of unstable angina pectoris or the beginning of myocardial infarction, requiring emergency assistance.
Up to 50% of all myocardial infarction die during the first hour from the appearance of a heart attack and before they enter the clinic. That is why it is so important to know the symptoms of a heart attack, an algorithm for providing emergency assistance and events that will help save precious minutes“The first Golden hour. "
The main features indicating the presence of a heart attack:
- XAracter pain: Pressure, burning, compressing, like heartburn or indefinite discomfort, accompanied by a painful feeling of longing and anxiety. Typical comparisons: as if “a heavy stone (plate) was laid on the chest”, “squeezed the heart with a vise”, “drove a stake into the chest”, “poured boiling water into the chest”, “turning the shoulder”, “burns everything inside”, etc. Another name for an angina attack -"angina pectoris".
- The intensity of pain: From moderate discomfort in the chest (but obviously paying attention to itself) to unbearable pain (moan, scream).
- Localization of pain: Behind the sternum, on the front surface of the chest, in the heart, in the left half of the chest (clavicle, shoulder, forearm, shoulder blade, left half of the neck, lower jaw), in both shoulders, shoulder blades, in the lower chest with the capture of the upper abdomen, in the mercenary region.
- The area of pain:A large, wide, without clear boundaries, the patient shows it with the whole palm, a fist.
- Duration of pain: From a few minutes to 2-3 hours, often wave-like pains with an interval of 1-5 hours, the second to three waves, as a rule, are more intense.
- The connection of pain with the position of the body, the act of breathing: Uncertain or absent.
- The patient's behavior during an attack: as a rule Pain causes a patient in a sense of fear or anxiety for his life; He stops working, stops or sits down; Sometimes there is a sharp weakness (“cotton legs”), autonomic reactions (pallor or redness of the face, “stroke cold sweat”, a feeling of heat, evapo); Nausea, one- or double vomiting, severe shortness of breath are possible up to suffocation.In some cases, the patient “does not find a place”: he gets up, sits down, walks around the room, holds his hand on the sternum, the gate on the shirt is launched. He never smiles and does not cry, relatives often cry.
In such a situation, the main thing for the patient and his loved ones or acquaintances (if they are near) is not to be confused and not panic.For the effectiveness of further medical care depends on their actions in the first minutes after the appearance of symptoms of a heart attack.
Necessary:
- Urgently accept (chew and swallow) one tablet of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) at a dose of 0.5 g and one tablet (capsule, inhalation) of nitroglycerin under the tongue. Contraindication for taking aspirinIt is only its intolerance: allergic reactions, “aspirin” asthma or a clear exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach;
- Provide peace and access of fresh air;
- repeat Reception of nitroglycerin, if after 3-5 minutes the pain remains.You should know that nitroglycerin can lose its effectiveness in open tubes, so you must always have a new unopened tube (preferably inhalation nitroglycerin - “nitromint”, “Izoket”, “Aerosonite”, etc.);
- call ambulance teamby phone 103 and take another pill of nitroglycerin,If after 3-5 minutes the pain persists.
Approximate ambulance
“Today, at ... o’clock in minutes (who, age), chest pain (other localization) arose. After the adoption of nitroglycerin (indicate the number of tablets accepted), aspirin the pain is preserved. Previously, there were no such pains (if there were, then indicate when, if the patient previously suffered myocardial infarction, then indicate when). ” Next, answer the operator’s questions.
Before the arrival of the ambulance, relatives (other persons) must prepare:
- films of electrocardiograms (ECG) - if any, other medical documents (certificates, extracts from hospitals, etc.);
- passport;
- Toilet accessories in case of hospitalization.
If the pain has passed After taking 1-2 tablets of nitroglycerin, you must consult a doctor(calling a doctor at home or with a satisfactory condition a visit to a doctor in a clinic, a cardiological dispensary, a friend of the institution in which the patient is observed).
If, after taking nitroglycerin, a sharp weakness appeared, sweating should not panic, you need to remain calm; To lie with lifted legs (on a roller, etc.), drink 1-2 cups of water. Relieves headache caused by nitroglycerin, resorption of the validol tablet. If signs appear, poor tohroglycerin tolerance (excessive decrease in blood pressure, headache, weakness, dizziness) should not be repeated.
It must also be remembered that with ischemic attacks You can not take nitroglycerinWith weakness, sweating in combination with the pallor of the skin (at low blood pressure), in acute visual impairment, speech, coordination of movement (with suspected cerebrovascular circulation), as well as after taking sildenafil (“viagra”).
What should be in the apartment to provide emergency assistance
In each family, you need to have a first -aid kit with a set of medicines, dressings and other items for first aid.
In those families where there arePatients with coronary heart disease, (regardless of its form), people of retirement age, men over the age of 35 and women over 40, having risk factors for coronary heart disease (arterial hypertension, diabetes, etc.) and/or the profession of which is associated with constant tension and increased risk (leaders, drivers, etc.) must be required“Patch of emergency care” containing aspirin, nitroglycerin, with an algorithm for their use with a heart attack.
Remember! The ability to act competently and promptly, provide assistance and self -help with a heart attack -
Guarantee of the salvation of your life!
