According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 20th century, tobacco caused 100 million deaths. Upon preserving the current trends in the 21st century, up to one billion death of death will occur due to it. Tobacco kills up to half of the people who use it. Every 6 seconds, about one person dies due to tobacco. Every year, tobacco leads to almost 6 million cases of death, of which more than 5 million cases occur among consumers and former consumers of tobacco, and more than 600,000 among non -smokers exposed to secondary tobacco smoke. Secondary tobacco smoke is smoke filling restaurants, offices or other closed rooms where people smoke. In tobacco smoke there are more than 4000 chemicals, of which at least 250 are known as harmful, and more than 50 as carcinogens. There is no safe level of exposure to secondary tobacco smoke.
Among adults, secondary tobacco smoke causes serious cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including coronary heart disease and lung cancer. Among the children of infants, it causes sudden death. In pregnant women, it leads to the birth of children with a low body weight. Almost half of the children regularly breathe air, contaminated with tobacco smoke in public places. More than 40% of children have at least one smoking parent.
It is necessary that each person can breathe air free from tobacco smoke. Normative legal acts to ensure the environment free of tobacco smoke protect the health of non -smokers, are popular, do not harm business and help smokers to quit smoking.
If urgent measures are not taken, the number of annual cases of death by 2030 may exceed eight million. Consumers of tobacco, dying prematurely, deprive their families of income, increase the cost of medical care and prevent economic development.
A decrease in cigarettes by 1.9% will save more than 38,000 lives per year.
According to the International Combating Cancer Union (UICC) today, 30% of all cases of cancer are associated with smoking. The reduction in tobacco consumption will half make it possible to preserve 170 million lives by 2050.
The cessation of smoking even in the middle and older age gives its positive result: the risk of tumors associated with smoking (from 5 to 15%), as well as heart attacks and strokes, decreases.
According to the World Health Organization, smoking provokes 90% of deaths from lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and coronary heart disease. Experts statistically reliably associate the growth of various serious diseases leading to disability with smoking: coronary heart disease, tuberculosis, emphysema and lung cancer, asthmatic bronchitis, ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, diseases of the nervous system, and pr. non -smoker. Studies conducted in the USA and Europe showed that the risk of lung cancer increases directly in proportion to the number of cigarettes smoked. The close relationship of smoking and cancer is primarily due to the resulting tobacco by chemicals, called carcinogens. When smoking, more than 1.5 dozen were found. It was established that the danger of getting cancer is significantly (almost 30 times) higher in malicious smokers and early began to smoke. Savority from cancer also increases parallel to the consumption of cigarettes. The risk indicator associated with smoking is different for tumors of various localizations and depends on the age of the start of smoking, the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
World experience indicates that it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the prevalence of smoking only with clear legislative regulation, and long -term anti -tobacco programs.
In order to protect the current and future generations from the destructive consequences of the consumption of tobacco products for health, reducing the social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and the effects of tobacco smoke in the republic are actively working on the prevention of smoking. The Republic of Belarus ratified the WHO framework for the fight against Tabaca (RKBT WHO) in 2005. RKBT WHO is the main document, including the most important directions of the struggle against tobacco in the world, with the participation of 180 parties.
The coordinator of the implementation of the RKBT WHO in the Republic of Belarus is the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.
The RKBT WHO imposes legal obligations on its parties - that is, on countries (and the European Union), which officially joined the contract. Among these obligations are the following:
- protection of public health policy from commercial and other interests of tobacco industry;
- the adoption of price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco; protection of people from the effects of tobacco smoke;
- regulation of the composition of tobacco products; regulation of packaging and labeling tobacco products;
- warning people about the danger of tobacco; prohibition of advertising, stimulating the sale and sponsorship of tobacco products;
- providing assistance to people in preventing their getting used to tobacco;
- control over illegal trade in tobacco products;
- A ban on the sale of tobacco products by minors and minors.
In accordance with the RKBT WHO, a number of measures are planned and are carried out, covering various aspects of anti -tobacco activity.
Head of the Department
Public Health GU RTsGei Oz O.V. Bartman
