Ischemia(ISCHAEMIA, Greek ISCHō delay + Haima Blood) - a decrease in the blood supply to the body, organ or tissue due to the weakening or cessation of the flow of arterial blood to it.
Coronary heart disease(IBS; LatinMorbus ischaemicus cordisFrom the ancient Greekἴσχω - “I delay, restrain” and αἷμα - “blood”) - a pathological condition characterized by an absolute or relative impaired blood supply to the myocardium due to damage to the coronary arteries.
Therapeutic physical culture with coronary heart disease
The therapeutic effect of regular physical exercises is manifested primarily in improving the activity of the cardiovascular system. During classes, coronary vessels expand, the volume of circulating blood increases, the number of functioning capillaries and collaterals in skeletal muscles and myocardium increases many times, due to which redox processes and metabolism are enhanced in them. In turn, this is accompanied by an increase in the contractile ability of the myocardium. The training of physical exercises also positively affects the auxiliary circulatory factors: the elasticity of the arteries increases, the capillaries expand, which leads to an increase in blood flow to the organs and tissues, the circulation of blood and lymph is accelerated by increasing the tone of venous and lymphatic vessels, as well as due to their compression with rhythmic muscle contraction (“muscle muscle pump ").
During physical exertion, the work of such important extracurricular circulatory factors as respiratory movements of the chest and diaphragm improves. When inhalation, the volume of the chest cavity increases and the abdominal decreases due to lowering the diaphragm. Accordingly, the pressure in the chest cavity decreases, thereby ensuring a suction, and increases in the abdominal, contributing to the advance of blood to the heart. When exhaling, the diaphragm relaxes and rises, the volume of the abdominal cavity accordingly increases, the pressure in it drops and the blood from the veins of the lower extremities enters the lower hollow of a vein. It stimulates the blood flow and the massive effect of the diaphragm on the liver during inhalation.
As a result of training, the overall tone of the body increases, tolerance to physical activity increases, there is a positive dynamics of indicators of lipid metabolism and coagulating blood system. The psychotherapeutic effect of classes is also of great importance. All this in general determines the widespread use of therapeutic physical culture with coronary heart disease.
The tasks of therapeutic physical culture
The tasks of therapeutic physical culture with coronary heart disease include:
─ stimulation of neurogumoral regulatory mechanisms to restore normal vascular reactions during muscle work and improve the function of the cardiovascular system;
─ stimulation of extractial circulatory factors, mobilization of the reserve mechanisms of the circulatory apparatus as a result of individualization of the optimal volume of physical activity, adequate to the patient's functionality;
─ contributing to the regulation of coordinated activities of all circulatory links and the development of the reserve capabilities of the cardiovascular system;
─ improvement of coronary and peripheral circulation;
─ improvement of redox processes in the body as a whole, in the heart muscle in particular;
─ Activation of metabolism (fight against the atherosclerotic process);
─ Improving the clinical and emotional -psychic state of the patient;
─ improving the quality of life of the patient;
─ restoration, increase and maintenance of physical performance;
─ gradual adaptation of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other body systems of the patient to the increasing volume of dosed physical activity;
─ Restoring and increasing physical performance. Under the influence of systematic training, not only oxygen consumption is reduced at the same load level, but the maximum aerobic performance, that is, maximum oxygen consumption, increases significantly;
─ secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (hyperlipidemia decreases, body weight decreases, blood pressure decreases, physical endurance increases);
─ the possibility of partial or complete rejection of drug therapy;
─ achieve complete self -care of patients with coronary heart disease of the IV functional class;
─ Introduction of patients with coronary heart disease of the IV functional class to household loads of low and moderate intensity (washing dishes, cooking, walking in a flat area, transferring small cargoes, lifting to one floor).
Indications and contraindications to the use of therapeutic physical culture
Exercises as a means of treatment and rehabilitation are indicated for all diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Contraindications are only temporary in nature. The simulatory physical culture is contraindicated in the acute stage of the disease (myocarditis, endocarditis, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction during frequent and intensive attacks of heart pain, severe heart rhythm disorders), with the increase in heart failure, and the addition of severe complications by other organs.
When removing acute phenomena and termination of the increase in heart failure, improving the general condition, you should proceed with physical exercises.
Author:
Metadist instructor for physical rehabilitation Shablovskaya M.G.
